Renewable energy in Morocco: a ‘green’ neoliberalism.The energy sector: from colonial control to neoliberal measures.Furthermore, the article shows how in this situation it is the most deprived populations in the country that pay for the political and economic choices made by the colonized elite, which serves as the partner of transnational corporations and international banks. This article aims to understand the historical, economic and political reasons for the dependence of Morocco’s energy sector, which threatens what remains of Moroccan sovereignty and aggravates social inequalities. However, liberal policies adopted by the government for the entire energy sector, including renewables, as well as associated public–private partnerships (PPPs), have exacerbated both the debt crisis and the dependence on the private sector.

The ambitious renewable energy plan launched by the Moroccan government in 2009, which aims to cover 52 per cent of installed electricity capacity by 2030, could have significantly reduced the country’s dependence on largely imported fossil fuels.

Over the period 2017–2020 fossil fuel imports accounted for around 90 per cent of total primary energy supply and 80 per cent of electricity supply, while the private sector currently controls the majority of electricity production (84 per cent) and almost all energy distribution. Although Morocco gained its independence in 1956, the country’s energy sector has remained dependent – on fossil fuels and on the private sector.

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